Leonid Brezhnev
Political Leader of the USSR
In brief, all U.S. Presidential administrations, from that of Woodrow Wilson to that of Ronald Reagan (Bohemian. Hon. Freemason / VP George H. W. Bush (S&B1948. Freemason. Bohemian.), have followed a bipartisan foreign policy of building up the Soviet Union. The policy is censored. It is a policy of suicide.[3]
“Within weeks many of you will be looking across just hundreds of feet of water at some of the most modern technology ever invented in America. Unfortunately, it is on Soviet Ships.” … Secretary of the Navy John Lehman, May 25, 1983 to graduating class at Annapolis (Reported in U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, August 1983. pp73-4)
1981 to 1982 - U.S. Commerce Department lax in enforcing export control regulations. U.S. Customs Service makes determined efforts to stop export export of semi-conductors manufacturing equipment.[3,p36]
Late 1970s - A Central Intelligence Agency Assessment report concluded that the “USSR is highly dependent on Western chemical technology.” At that time the CIA estimated that Western equipped plants accounted for the following proportions of Soviet chemical production: 40 % of complex fertilizers, 60 % of polythylene, 75% to 80% of polyester fiber and 85 % of ammonia production. The CIA report did not, however, report on another critical fact: that the Soviet plants producing these and other chemicals use almost entirely technology copied or reverese engineered from Westner equipment. There is no indigenous Soviet chemical technology.[3,p145]
1977 to 1980 - Soviets acuqire technology for a semi-conductor for a semi-conductor plant through the Bruchhausen network and Continental Trading Corp. (CTC). The CDC agreement gives the soviets sufficient information to set up a purchasing and espionage program. CDC told the Soviets what they needed to buy.[3]
16 Jun 1977 to 10 Nov 1982 - Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
1976 - Russian RSD-10 Poineer (aka SS-20) was an intermediate-range ballistic missile with a nuclear warhead and a guidance system with U.S. technology.[3,p99] (from 1980s, included MIRV technology (deploy multiple warheads)… Search mind map … Henry Kissinger (Bohemian).)
By 1974, the Soviets had MIRVed (Multiple Independent Reentry Vehicle) their missiles and were in mass production.
1973 - Control Data Corporation (CDC) agrees to supply Soviets with a wide range of scientific and engineering information including construction and design of a large fast computer (75 to 100 million instructions per second is fast even in 1985) and manufacturing techniques for semi-conductors and associated technologies.[3,p36]
1972, just before the presidential election, Nicholaas Leyds, general manager of Bryant Chucking Grinder Company, announced a contract with the Soviets for 164 grinding machines (to MIRV missiles using high precision ball bearings) Anatoliy I. Kostousov, Minister of the Machine Tool Industry in the Soviet Union, then said they had waited twelve years for these machines, which included the banned models: “We are using more and more instruments of all kinds and our needs for bearings for these instruments is very great. In all we need to manufacture five times more bearings than 12 years ago. Under President Nixon and National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger (Bohemian) license for export of these 164 Centalign-B machines was approved [unrivalled technology in the world].[3,p110]
2:30pm 15 Aug 1972 - Antony C. Sutton’s testimony before the subcommittee of Republican Party at Miami Beach, Florida… “The information that I am going to present to you this afternoon is known to the Administration. (The Chairmain for the Subcommittee was John Towers - Died 5 Apr 1991, from Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 2311 crash. Age 65.)
The information is probably not known to the Senator from South Dakota or his advisors. And in this instance ignorance may be a blessing in disguise.
I am not a politician. I am not going to tell you what you want to hear. My job is to give you facts. Whether you like or dislike what I say doesn’t concern me.
I am here because I believe - and Congressman Ashbrook believes - that the American public should have these facts..
I have spent ten years in research on Soviet technology. What it is - what it can do - and particularly where it came from. I have published three books and several articles summarising the work …
In a few words: there is no such thing as Soviet technology.
Almost all - perhaps 90-95 percent - came directly or indirectly from the United States and its allies. In effect the United States and the NATO countries have built the Soviet Union. Its industrial and its military capabilities. This massive construction job has taken 50 years. Since the Revolution in 1917. It has been carried out through trade and the sale of plants, equipment and technical assistance.
Listening to Administration spokesman - or some newspaper pundits - you get the impression that trade with the Soviet Union is some new miracle cure for the world’s problems.
That’s not quite accuarte.
The idea that trade with the Soviets might bring peace goes back to 1917. The earliest proposal is date December 1917 - just a few weeks after the start of the Bolshevik Revolution. It was implemented in 1920 while the Bolsheviks were still trying to consolidate their hold on Russia. The result was to guanatee that the Bolsheviks held power: they needed foreign supplies to survive.
The history of our construction of Soviet Union has been backed out - much of the key information is still classified - along with the other mistakes of the Washington bureacracy. Why has the history been blacked out?
Because 50 years of dealing with the Soviets has been an economic success for the USSR and a politicial failure for the United States. It has not stopped wars. It has not given us peace.
The United States is spending $80 billion a year [1980’s] on defense against an enemy built by the United States and West Europe. [3,p200]
No at this point I’ve probably lost some of you. What I have said is contrary to everything you’ve heard from the intellectual elite, the Administration, and the business world, and numerous well-regarded Senators - just about everyone. Let me bring you back down to earth.
First an authentic statement. It’s authenticate because it was part of a conversation between Stalin and William Averell Harriman (S&B1913). Ambassador Harriman (S&B1913) has been prominent in Soviet trade since the 1930’s and is an outspoken supporter of yet more trade. This is what Ambassador Harriman (S&B1913) reported back to the State Department at the end of World War II:
“Stalin paid tribute to the assistance rendered by the United States to Soviet industry before and during the War. He said that about two-thirds of all the large industrial enterprises in the Soviet Union has been built with the United States’ help or technical assistance”…..
“Stalin could have said tha the other one-third of large industrial enterprises were built by firms from Germany, France, Britain and Italy.
Stalin could have said also that the tank plants, the aircraft plants, the explosive and ammunition plants originated in the U.S.….
That was June 1944. The massive technical assistance continues right down to the present day.
Now the ability of the Soviet Union to create any kind of military machine, to ship missiles to Cuba, to supply arms to North Vietnam, to supply arms for use against Israel - all this depends on its domestic industry.
In the Soviet Union about three-quarters of the military budget goes on purchases from Soviet factories. …[3,P200]
1971 - “Computer in a chip” development. Soviets still unable to mass produce even primitive semi-conductor devices.[3,p36]
In Aug 1971, The U.S. Department of Defense paid $2 million to Hamilton Watch Company for precision watchmaking equipment. Watchmaking equipment is used in fabricating bomb and artillery shell fuses, aircraft timing gear, pinions, and similar militray components. Most Soviet watch-manufacturing equipment has been supplied from the United States and Switzerland; in some cases the Soviets use copies of these foreign machines.[3,p32]
25 Sep 1971 - the British government expelled 105 Russian “diplomats” from England on charges of spying, and specially military and industrial spying. According to the London Times, this espionage included “information on electronics, transformers, semi-conductors, computer circuitry, and technical details of the Concorde and Olympus 593 engine”. Dr. William Strang, technical director of British Aircraft Corporation’s commerical aircraft division, has stated, “I think it likely that they did have some knowledge of the work we were doing which led to the general shape definition.[3,p98]
1970 - IL-86 from US Boeing 747 and IL-76 form US C-141.[3,p97]
The largest single supplier of computers to the USSR has been International Computers and Tabulation, Ltd, of the United Kingdom, which also licenses RCA technology , and by 1970 had supplied at least twenty-seven of the thirty-three large computers then in Russia. In Nov 1969, for example, five of the firm’s 1900-series computers (valued at $12 million) went to the USSR. These large high-speed units with integrated circuits were without question, considerably in advance of anything the Soviets were able to manufacture. Such machines were certain capable of solving military and space problems. Indeed, a computer cannot distinguish between civilian and military problems.
In the late 1960s Soviet missiles were extremely inaccurate. According to Abraham Shifrin, a former Defense Ministry official, they could hardly find the United States, let alone a specific target. By the late 1970s their accuracy was so improved that Soviets could guarantee a high proportion of hits on a target as small as the White House. In the early 1960s attempted to buy U.S. Technology for mass production of minitiaturised precision bearings. The technology was denied. However, in 1972 the necessary grinders were sold by Bryant Chucking Grinder Company and its products are today used in Soviet guided missile systems and gyroscopes. Specifically, the Soviets were then able to MIRV their missiles and increase their accuracy.[3,p104] 1961, Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security undertook an investigation….”We are now convinced, for reasons that are set forth below, the the decision to grant the license was a grave error.”
In the late 1960s Soviet planners decided to build the largest truck factory in the world. The plant spread over 36 square miles situated on the Kama River, has an annual output of 100,000 mutli-axle 10-ton trucks, trailers, and off-the-road vehicles. It was evident from the outset, given absence of Soviet technology in the automative industry that the design, engineering work, and key equipment for such a facility would have to come from the United States…. In 1972, under President Nixon and NSA advisor Kissinger (paid family employee of the Rockefellers) the pretense of a “peaceful trade” was abandoned and the Department of Commerce admitted that the proposed plant had military potential. Not only that, but according to a department spokesman, the military capabililty was taken into account when the export licenses were issued for the Kama.[3,p24]
In 1968, Dean Rusk (Rhodes 1931) and Walt Rostow (Rhodes 1936) once again extolled the peaceful nature of the automobile, specifically in reference to the Volgograd plant. Unfortunately the credibility of Rusk and Rostow, there exists a proven military vehicle with an engine of the same capacity as the one produced at the Volgograd plant. Moreover, we have the Gorki and ZIL experience. Further the U.S. Government’s own committees have stated in writing and at detail length that any motor vehicle plant has war potential. Even further, Rusk and Rostow made explicit statements to Congress denying that Volgograd had military potential.[3,p23]
In 1968, the Gleason Company of Rochester, New York shipped equipment to the Gorki automobile plant in Russia, a plant previously built by the Ford Motor Company….The Gorki plant produces a wide range of military vehicles and equipment. Many of the trucks used on the Ho Chi Minh trail (Vietnam) were GAZ vehicles from Gorki. The rocket-launchers used against Isreal are mounted on GAZ-69 chassis made at Gorki.[3,p9]
In 1966, the U.S. Department of State produced a beautiful, extravagantly illustrated brochure of American Hand Tools. This was printed in Russian, for distribution in Russia, with a preface by President Lyndon B. Johnson….Why all the secrecy [around the brochure] ? Imagine the public reaction in 1966, when the Soviets were supplying the North Viets with weapons to kill Americans (over 5,000 were killed that year) in Vietnam.[3,p7]
In 1965, the year 1,369 Americans were killed in South Vietnam, Russian arms were even then in widespread use by the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese. This was also the year in which President Johnson decided to expand trade with the Soviets in the guise of “building bridges for peace”. The same year the Soviets stepped up the flow of military supplies and equipment to North Vietnam. President Johnson stepped up the flow of technology to the Soviets. The American toll mounted rapidly, demonstrating the abusrdity of the trade levels in peace agreement. After President Nixon took office in 1969 and initiated dente with transfers of military technology, the American toll increased. About 80% of the armanents and supplies for the Vietnamese War came from the Soviet Union. Yet a key part of President Nixon’s policy was the transfer of technology to the USSR which aids Soviet war potential.[3,p190]
14 Oct 1964 to 10 Nov 1982 - General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
Preceded by Nikita Krushchev. Succeeded by Yuri Andropov
7 May 1960 to 15 Jul 1964 - Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.
WW2 - 1942 - When the Germans occupied Ukraine, sent to Caucasus as deputy head of political administration of the Transcausciasian Front.
1937 to 1939 - Survived Stalin’s Great Purge and quickly advanced, as the purges created numerous opendings in the senior and middle ranks of the Party and State Governments.
Died 10 Nov 1982, from Not Known. Age 75.
[1] - Spartacus-educational.com - Leonid Brezhnev
[2] - FYI - Wiki - Leonid Brezhnev
[3] - The Best Enemy Money Can Buy by Antony C. Sutton (3-Nov-2014)
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