American Civil War

American Civil War.jpg

American Civil War - Trigger Events - to be completed

2 Dec 1859 - Execution of John Brown (Freemason. Abolitionist) - Personal friend of Philip Gray Russell (S&B 1876), son of William Huntingdon Russell co-founder of Skull and Bones)

1850 Compromised - President Zachary Taylor (Son, Richard Taylor S&B 1845) refused to sign the 1850 Compromise and died shortly after. Millard Fillmore, signed the 1850 compromise. This compromise of 1850 postponed secession and civil war by ten years. And those ten years - thanks in large measure to the genius of Henry Clay - allowed the North to further industralize its resources and “find” Abraham Lincoln to lead the nation during its greatest national crisis.”[4, p147]

Historians have long looked to politics for the origins of the Civil War, and they have offered two major interpretations of political developments between 1845 and 1860. Both are primarily concerned with the breakdown of the old party system and the rise of the Republicans and not with the second aspect of the crisis-the loss of faith in politicians, the desire for reform, and their relationship to republican ideology… The standard interpretation maintains that intensifying sectional disagreements over slavery inevitably burst into the political arena, smashed the old national parties, and forced the formation of new sectionally oriented ones. The Second Party System was artificial, some historians contend, since it could survive only by avoiding divisive sectionally issues and by confining polical debate to sectionally neutral economic questions on which the national parties had co-herent stands. Once sectional pressure was re-aggravated by the events of the late 1840s and early 1850s, those fragile structures shattered and were replaced. “On the level of politics,” writes Eric Foner, “the coming of the Civil War is the intrusion of sectional ideology into the political system, depsite the efforts of political leaders of both parties [Whigs and Democrats] to keep it out. Once this happened, political competition worked to exacerbate, rather than to solve, social and sectional conflicts.[5,p54]

American Civil War - Federal (Union) Bonesmen - to be completed

Henry Hitchcock (S&B 1848)
Lt. Col.; Assistant Adjutant, U.S. Volunteers; Served as Judge Adovcate on the personal staff of Union Army General William T. Sherman by President Abraham Lincoln.

William M. Evarts (S&B 1837) - Special Diplomatic Envoy to Great Britain and France under President Abraham Lincoln.

Green Clay (S&B 1859) - Secretary of the U.S. Legation at St. Petersburg, Russia (1861); Secretary of the U.S. Legation at Turin and Florence (1862-1868); Colonel, Union Army; son of former U.S. Congressman Brutus Junius Clay.

Constantine C. Esty (S&B 1845) - Assessor of Internal Revenue (1862-1866; 1867-1872)
Henry Champion Deming (S&B 1836) - Provisional Mayor of New Orleans under Union Martial Law (October 1862-February 1863)
William Huntington Russell (S&B 1833) - Major-General in the Militia of the State of Connecticut (1862-1870)
Orris Sanford Ferry (S&B 1844) - Brigadier General in the United States Volunteers (1862-1865)
Joseph Cooke Jackson (S&B 1857) - Brevetted Brigadier General in the 6th New Jersey Volunteers.
John Thomas Croxton (S&B 1857) - Major General, Union Army; Commander of Military District of Southwest Georgia at Macon, Ga. (1865)
William Seward Pierson (S&B 1836) - brevetted Brigadier General, Union Army; selected as Mayor of Sandusky, Ohio in 1861
Thomas Marshall Key (S&B 1838) - Colonel; Judge Advocate on the staff of Union Army Gen. George B. McClellan
Thaddeus Foote (S&B 1844) - Colonel in 10th Michigan Cavalry
Henry McCormick (S&B 1852) - Colonel in the First Regiment of Pennsylvania Militia
Rufus Cowles Crampton (S&B 1851) - Lieutenant Colonel of the 145th Illinois Volunteers
Edward Payson Nettleton (S&B 1856) - Lieutenant Colonel in 31st Massachusetts Infantry; brevetted Colonel

Henry Hitchcock (S&B 1848) - Brevetted Lieutenant Colonel; Assistant Adjutant General, U.S. Volunteers; Served as Judge Advocate on the personal staff of Union Army General William T. Sherman; son of Henry H. Hitchcock, former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama

Daniel Henry Chamberlain (S&B 1862) - Captain in 5th Massachusetts Colored Infantry (1864-1865)
Henry Varnum Freeman (S&B 1869) - Captain in 12th U.S. Colored Infantry (1863-1865)
Newton Spaulding Manross (S&B 1850) - Captain in 16th Regiment of Connecticut Volunteers; died at Battle of Antietam on Sept. 17, 1862
Thomas Hedge (S&B 1867) - Second Lieutenant in Company G, 106th Regiment of New York Volunteer Infantry (1864-1865)
Leonard Eugene Wales (S&B 1845) - Second Lieutenant in First Delaware Volunteers in 1861
Edward Foster Blake (S&B 1858) - Adjutant in the 5th Regiment of Connecticut Volunteers; killed in action in Virginia on August 9, 1862
Diodate Cushman Hannahs (S&B 1859) - Captain in the 6th New York Cavalry; killed in action in Virginia on September 10, 1862
Daniel Hebard (S&B 1860) - Assistant Adjutant-General of Volunteers [of Ohio]; died on August 7, 1862
George Coit Ripley (S&B 1862) - 1st Lieutenant; Tenth Connecticut Regiment, Company A; Aide-de-camp to Gen. Orris S. Ferry (S&B 1844) in 1865
Charles Miller Bliss (S&B 1852) - 2nd Lieutenant; Second Vermont Infantry
Samuel Henshaw Bates (S&B 1833) - served as a private in the 24th Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers during Civil War
William Baldwin Ross (S&B 1852) - member of the Seventh Regiment New York State Guard during the Civil War
Jacob Cooper (S&B 1852) - Chaplain of the Third Kentucky Regiment, U.S. Volunteers
Charles Mellen Tyler (S&B 1855) - Chaplain of the 22nd Massachusetts Infantry
Francis Eugene Butler (S&B 1857) - Chaplain of the 25th Regiment of New Jersey Volunteers; died at Suffolk, Virginia on May 4, 1863
William Kittredge Hall (S&B 1859) - Chaplain of the 17th Connecticut Infantry
Edward Brown Furbish (S&B 1860) - Chaplain of the 25th Maine Volunteers
William Curtis Johnston (S&B 1860) - Chaplain of the 13th U.S. Kentucky Volunteers; died of pneumonia in Kentucky on December 3, 1862
John Walcott Wetherell (S&B 1844) - Colonel, Union Army
John Coon (S&B 1847) - Paymaster in the Army of the Cumberland (Union Army) (1861-1865)
William Eves Moore (S&B 1847) - 2nd Lieutenant, Union Army
Henry Martyn Dechert (S&B 1850) - 1st Lieutenant, Infantry, Union Army
Nathaniel Willis Bumstead (S&B 1855) - Captain, Infantry, Union Army
William Wheeler (S&B 1855) - Captain, Union Army
Stanley Woodward (S&B 1855) - Captain, Union Army
John Mason Brown (S&B 1856) - Cavalry, Union Army
Thomas Albert Perkins (S&B 1858) - Sergeant, Union Army
Eben Greenough Scott (S&B 1858) - 1st Lieutenant, Union Army
William Fowler (S&B 1860) - Captain, Infantry, Union Army
Luther Maynard Jones (S&B 1860) - served in the Union Army
Charles Hunter Owen (S&B 1860) - Captain, Heavy Artillery, Union Army
Hubert Sanford Brown (S&B 1861) - Lieutenant Colonel, Union Army
Robert Linton Chamberlain (S&B 1861) - Private, Infantry, Union Army
Ralph Omsted Williams (S&B 1861) - served in the Union Army
Sherburne Blake Eaton (S&B 1862) - Captain, Union Army
Anthony Higgins (S&B 1861) - served in the Union Army in 1864; former U.S. Senator
Henry Phelps Johnston (S&B 1862) - 2nd Lieutenant, Union Army
Cornelius Ladd Kitchel (S&B 1862) - Private, Union Army
Walter Allen (S&B 1863) - Acting Assistant Paymaster, U.S. Navy
Charles Jesup Arms (S&B 1863) - Captain, Union Army
Cornelius Wade Bull (S&B 1863) - Acting Assistant Paymaster, U.S. Navy
John Haskell Butler (S&B 1863) - served in the U.S. Navy
Leander T. Chamberlain (S&B 1863) - Judge Advocate, U.S. Navy; brother of South Carolina Governor Daniel H. Chamberlain (S&B 1862)
Horace Webster Fowler (S&B 1863) - Captain, Artillery, Union Army.
Payson Merrill (S&B 1865) - served in the Union Army
Charles Edgar Smith (S&B 1865) - Private, Union Army
James Brand (S&B 1866) - Sergeant, Union Army
John Lewis (S&B 1868) - served in the Union Army
William Allison McKinney (S&B 1868) - served in the Union Army
Edward Heaton (S&B 1869) - Lieutenant, Artillery, Union Army
Rufus Byam Richardson (S&B 1869) - Corporal, Infantry, Union Army
Charles Benjamin Ramsdell (S&B 1872) - served in the Union Army

American Civil War - Rebel (Confederate) Bonesmen - to be completed

Richard Taylor (S&B 1845) - Lieutenant General in the Confederate Army; Commander of the Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana (1864-1865); Commander of the [Confederate] Army of Tennessee (1865); Surrendered to the Union Army near Mobile, Alabama on May 4, 1865; son of former U.S. President Zachary Taylor; Confederate President Jefferson Davis’s brother-in-law.

Henry Rootes Jackson (S&B 1839) - Major General in the Confederate Army; delegate to the Democratic Presidential Convention at Charleston, South Carolina in 1860; served as a prisoner-of-war after surrendering to the Union Army at the Battle of Nashville in December 1864.

William Preston Johnston (S&B 1852) - Colonel in the Confederate Army; Jefferson Davis’s aide-de-camp; captured by the Union Army along with Jefferson Davis in Irwinsville, Georgia on May 10, 1865; served as a pallbearer at Gen. Robert E. Lee’s funeral; President of Tulane University (1884-1899); son of Confederate Brigadier General Albert Sidney Johnston, former Secretary of War of the Republic of Texas.

John Perkins Jr. (S&B 1840) - Member of the Confederate House of Representatives for Louisiana [Second Congress] (1864-1865); Delegate to the Confederate Provisional Congress in Montgomery, Alabama (1861-1862).

William T.S. Barry (S&B 1841) - Chairman of the Mississippi Secession Convention in 1861; Delegate to the Confederate Provisional Congress (1861-1862); Signer of the Confederate Constitution; Colonel in command of the 35th Mississippi Infantry; captured at Mobile, Alabama on April 12, 1865.

Burton Norvell Harrison (S&B 1859) - Private Secretary to Confederate President Jefferson Davis; captured by the Union Army along with Jefferson Davis in Irwinsville, Georgia on May 10, 1865; father of former U.S. Congressman Francis Burton Harrison (S&B 1895).
Hugh White Sheffey (S&B 1835)** - Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates (1861-1865).

William Frierson Cooper (S&B 1838) - Justice of Supreme Court of Tennessee (1861-1862, 1878-1886)

Thomas L. Bayne (S&B 1847) - Colonel; Chief of the Bureau of Foreign Supplies in the Confederate War Department; married to Mary Gayle, the daughter of former Governor of Alabama John Gayle.

Thomas McKinney Jack (S&B 1853) - Colonel; Adjutant General of the Department of Texas, Confederate Army (1864-1865); Aide-de- camp to Confederate Brigadier General Albert Sidney Johnston until Gen. Johnston’s death at Battle of Shiloh; son of William H. Jack, former Secretary of State of the Republic of Texas.

Vincent Marmaduke (S&B 1852) - Colonel, Confederate Army; son of former Governor of Missouri Meredith Miles Marmaduke
Alexander Porter Root (S&B 1861) - Major; Assistant Adjutant-General on the staff of Confederate Brigadier General Thomas Drayton.
James N. Brickell (S&B 1845) - First Lieutenant, Ordnance Officer for the Confederate Army in Louisiana.
William Felix Alexander (S&B 1851) - Assistant to Confederate Gen. A.R. Lawton, the Quartermaster-General of the Confederate Army.
Henry Williams (S&B 1837) - Lieutenant of the Irish Volunteers from Savannah, Georgia (Confederate Army).
Edwin Alexander Anderson (S&B 1835) - Surgeon, Confederate Army.
Stuart Wilkins Fisk (S&B 1840) - Colonel, Infantry, Confederate Army
Henry Hunter Raymond (S&B 1841) - Major, Confederate Army; lawyer in Charleston, South Carolina
William Grey Woolfolk (S&B 1841) - served in the Confederate Army.
William Davison Henen (S&B 1842) - Major, Confederate Army
Charles Nicholas Gachet (S&B 1843) - served in the Confederate Army
John Henry Felder (S&B 1844) - 1st Lieutenant, Infantry, Confederate Army; Member of South Carolina State Legislature (1852-1861).
Joseph Lovell (S&B 1844) - First Lieutenant, Aide-de-Camp
Lemuel Parker Conner (S&B 1845) - Major, Confederate Army.
William Gustine Conner (S&B 1845) - Major, Confederate Army; killed in action at the Battle of Gettysburg on July 3, 1863.
Orrick Metcalfe (S&B 1845) - Surgeon, Confederate Army.
John Donnell Smith (S&B 1847) - Captain, Confederate Army.
Henry Laurens Metcalfe (S&B 1849) - served in the Confederate Army.
Walker Richardson (S&B 1849) - served in the Confederate Army.
Henry DeWitt Beman (S&B 1851) - served in the Confederate Army.
Andrew Jackson Spring (S&B 1855) - Sergeant Major, Confederate Army.
Arthur Dickinson (S&B 1856) - Commissary Department, Confederate Army.
James Payne Green (S&B 1857) - Lieutenant, Cavalry, Confederate Army.
George Boardman MacLellan (S&B 1858) - Assistant Engineer, Confederate Army.