James Buchanan (Freemason)
Democratic. Politician. Lawyer. Dickinson College*
1861, When James Buchanan entered the presidency, there were 32 states in the Union; when he left there were only 25. The seven states to secede were South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas.[3]
2 Mar 1861, Texas secedes from the Union.[3]
2 Mar 1861, The Corwin Amendment to the Constitution was passed by Congress and submitted to the state legislatures for ratification as another last-ditch compromise effort to protect slavery in existing slave states.[3]
Feb 1861, The Confederate States of America are formed.[3]
26 Jan 1861, Louisiana secedes from the Union.[3]
19 Jan 1861, Georgia secedes from the Union.[3]
11 Jan 1861, Alabama secedes from the Union.[3]
10 Jan 1861, Florida secedes from the Union.[3]
9 Jan 1861, Mississippi secedes from the Union.[3]
1861, Congress refused to authorize military action and the President left the Fort Sumter situation to the President-elect, Abraham Lincoln.[3]
5 Jan 1861, Carolinians fire on a ship sent to re-supply Fort Sumter. The President refused to respond with force, deferring to Congress.[3]
1860, President Buchanan refuses to surrender southern federal forts and they are seized by Southern troops.[3]
1860, Secession of the South.[3]
20 Dec 1860, South Carolina is the First State to Secede from the Union, another 6 Southern States begin secession.[3]
17 Dec 1860, The unsuccessful Crittenden Compromise is suggested as an attempt to persuade Southern states to remain in the Union.[3]
10 Nov 1860, After receiving news of the Republican victory, the General Assembly called for a Convention of the People of South Carolina.[3]
6 Nov 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected the 16th President of the United States. His inauguration as President would take place on March 4, 1861.[3]
**1860, The Pony Express was established.[3]
1860, Other Native American tribes became involved in conflicts including the Kiowa, Comanche, Paiute, Navajo and the Chiricahua Wars (1860 to 1886).[3]
1859, Harpers Ferry: John Brown seized the Southern town of Harpers Ferry in Virginia in an attempt to spark an uprising of slaves.[3]
1859, Silver was discovered in Nebraska.[3]
1859, The Southern Commercial Convention: Southern slave owners advocate for the re-opening of the African slave trade. The slave trade had been banned in 1808 by an act of Congress.[3]
1859, Oregon joins the Union.[3]
29 July 1858, Townsend Harris, the first Consul General to the Empire of Japan, finalizes the Treaty of Kanagawa (aka the Treaty of Amity and Commerce or the Harris Treaty) following Commodore Matthew Perry’s Expedition to Japan.[3]
1858, Inventor Hamilton Smith patented the first rotary washing machine.[3]
1858, Minnesota joins the Union.[3]
1858, Central Park opened.[3]
1858, The Kansas Controversy in which a compromise between the House and Senate bills on the admission of Kansas to the Union.[3]
1857, The Dred Scott decision by the U.S. Supreme Court: Dred Scott, an African American slave attempted to sue for his freedom. The Supreme Court decision was that African Americans had no rights.[3]
1857, The Panic of 1857 resulted due to poor trade and brought a important depression to the United States.[3]
1857, His presidency saw the continuance of the conflicts between the US and Native American tribes including the Apache Wars (1849 -1924) the rise of Geronimo and Cochise and the Sioux Wars (1854 - 1890).[3]
4 Mar 1857 to 4 Mar 1861 - 15th President of the United States (VP: John C Breckinridge (Freemason))
23 Aug 1853 to 15 Mar 1856 - United States Minister to the United Kingdom.
1853 - William Rufus King (Buchanan’s close companion) died of tuberculosis shortly after Pierce’s inauguration, four years before Buchanan became President.[1,3]
10 Mar 1845 to 7 Mar 1849 - 17th United States Secretary of State by President James K. Polk (Freemason) / Zachary Taylor (Freemason. Son S&B). Preceded by John C. Calhoun (Brothers of Unity.)
6 Dec 1834 to 5 Mar 1845 - United States Senator from Pennsylvania.
11 Jun 1832 to 5 Aug 1833 - 5th United States Minister to Russia by President Andrew Jackson (Freemason).
5 Mar 1829 to 3 Mar 1831 - Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee.
4 Mar 1821 to 3 Mar 1831 - Member of the U.S House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
1814 to 1816 - Member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from Lancaster County.
Died 1 Jun 1868, from TBC. Age 77.
Skull and Bones / Others / Related - to be completed.
Rensselaer Russell Nelson (S&B 1846)
1858 to 1896 - Judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota by James Buchanan (Seat established).
Henry Rootes Jackson (S&B 1839)
1854 to 1858 - U.S. Minister to the Austrian Empire
[[1] - Whitehouse.gov - James Buchanan (Freemason)] https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/james-buchanan/
[[2] - Millcenter.org - - James Buchanan (Freemason)(https://millercenter.org/president/james-buchanan/key-events)
[3] - Presidential-power.org - - James Buchanan (Freemason)
[4] - Britannica.com- - James Buchanan (Freemason)
[5] - FYI - Wiki - James Buchanan (Freemason)
[6] 15th President: Mackey’s Encyclopedia of Freemasonry informs us that upon his death Buchanan “received” Masonic burial from his Brethren of Lodge No. 43 in his native state, Pennsylvania, on June 4, 1868.” Mackey continues, “He was made a Mason in Lodge No. 43 on December 11, 1816. Entered by Worshipful Master Brother John Reynolds, and was Passed and Raised by Worshipful Master Brother George Whitaker, January 24, 1817…He was also a member of Royal Arch Chapter No. 43, F.&A.M., but the only record we have is that he was Exalted on May 20, 1826.”1 10,000 Famous Freemasons confirms that Buchanan “was Exalted to the Royal Arch degree in Chapter No. 43 at Lancaster…” As U.S. Minister to England 1853-56, his time in England is of significant importance.2 In Volume 3 of Scarlet and the Beast we document that Buchanan held several meetings in London with revolutionary Masons from all over Western Europe to solicit their help in assisting American Masons to instigate civil war in America for the express purpose of reconstructing Masonic membership that had been decimated by the 1826-1835 Anti-Masonic Movement.3John C. Breckinridge, Buchanan’s Vice-President, join Masonic potentate, Albert Pikes’s Supreme Council of the Scottish Rite in 1859. He would soon run for President on a secession platform. His campaign manager was Rothschild operative, Caleb Cushing. In March 1860, the U.S. Treasury Secretary, Howell Cobb, joined Pike’s Supreme Council. (Cobb was a ruler of the Georgia Masonic mafia with Robert Toombs and James Bulloch.) If one is going to lead a revolt against a government, it is handy to have the head of that government’s treasury take charge of your finances, as Cobb did for his Masonic boss Albert Pike.4
[6.1] Mackey, The Encyclopedia of Freemasonry
[6.2] Denslow, 10,000 Famous Freemasons, 1957
[6.3] Daniel, John, Scarlet and the Beast, 1994
[6.4] Chaitkin, Anton, The Scottish Rite’s KKK project
[7] - Find a Grave - James Buchanan
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